You can use the scale
method to multiply all mesh vertex coordinates by a constant:
from dolfin import *
N = 4
factor = 3
mesh = UnitIntervalMesh(N)
# Scale mesh by `factor`:
mesh.scale(factor)
# Equivalent built-in function:
#mesh = IntervalMesh(N,0,factor)
# Check results:
print(FunctionSpace(mesh,"CG",1).tabulate_dof_coordinates())